Papers selected for Conference Session titled : Energy resources and sustainable development | Energetski resursi i održivi razvoj
Александар Савић - ЕТШ Раде Кончар
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У овом раду приказан је план и програм новог средњошколског наставног предмета Обновљиви извори енергије. Увођењем новог предмета у образовни профил електротехничар енергетике остварен је део политике и стратегије развоја стручног образовања у Србији у којој постоји 28 електротехничких и средњестручних мешовитих школа које образују ученике за занимање електротехничар енергетике. Број уписаних ученика школске 2009/10. године био је 976. Постављањем предмета обновљиви извори енергије у 4. разред омогућено је ученицима да изаберу и одбране своје матурске радове из области обновљивих извора енергије. У циљу припреме наставника који ће предавати нови предмет, организовани су програми стручног усавршавања, Обновљиви извори енергије, акредитовани од стране Министарства просвете Републике Србије. У току претходне две школске године обучено је 32 будућа наставника. У раду је приказан и значај 5 кW фотонапонске електране која се налази на објекту Електротехничке школе ''Раде Кончар'' у Београду. Фотонапонска електрана ће бити пуштена у рад и повезана на мрежу до септембра 2010. Електротехничка школа ''Раде Кончар'' биће прва установа у Републици Србији која ће електричну енергију продавати по повлашћеној цени од 23 евроценти. Предавања о фотонапонској електрани и осталим видовима обновљивих извора енергије биће доступна свим ученицима путем електронских лекција на адреси www.koncar.edu.rs
Gradimir Danon - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry , Mladen Furtula - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry
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This paper contains a suggestion of potential users of technologies for cogenerative production of heating and electric energy from wooden biomass. These are enterprises involved in wood processing, which have huge needs for heating, on one hand, and certain quantities of wooden biomass that may be used for this purpose, on the other hand. In addition, these include tourist centers located in areas covered with forests (for example, Kopaonik, Tara, Zlatibor, Goč), which have needs for heating, and which have in close vicinity sources of forest wooden biomass ready for energy production.
This paper analyzes the existing cogenerative systems and their potential use. Herein the wood quantities are determined for proper operation of future energy facilities. In order to provide sufficient quantities of wood, a significant transport and human labor is required, as well as this wood needs to be dried, grinded and stored prior to use. The situation is somewhat better if the wooden residues from wood processing are used for burning. These are already collected, partially dried and grinded. The abovementioned suggests that use of wood, that is, wooden residues is not easy and that it requires time, labor and money. If it is decided to enter into a big and long-term investment, such as electricity production, it is necessary to overview all pros and cons. First, the economic justification of this business should be verified, that is, potential benefits. One who starts this business must consider the possible risks, so it is necessary to check the vulnerability of this investment regarding regulatory risk and market conditions.
The most of countries support this kind of endeavors, however, impose an obligation to verify as to whether the ecological and social aspects are in accordance with respective regulations. Once this information is obtained, it is possible to come up with a right decision on this kind of investment.
Sanja Đureković - Energoprojekt-Entel, Belgrade, Bul. Mihaila Pupina 12
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Abstract: This paper presents methodology and engineering experience of our engineering experts who are working in the Middle East. ENERGOPROJET - Entel as part of ENERGORPOJET Group, is present in the Middle East market for more than 20 years, mainly in Qatar and UAE (United Arab Emirates). Entel is providing planning, engineering and consultancy services related to power and energy systems. This paper will give special attention to the projects that represents major investments in the power and energy systems, like Phases VI to IX Consultancy Services, Design Engineering review and Site Supervision of Power Transmission System Expansion in Qatar. Projects that require specific engagement of our expert engineers, having in mind technologies which are not present in our country, like water desalination, project RAFA 1, Desalination Plant 45 MIGD, RO Pilot Plant. Project related to water grid systems, like Engineering Consultancy Services for Improvement, Modification and Automation of Tanker Filling Stations, Mega Reservoirs etc. Desert climate with high temperatures all year round, water shortage and modest vegetation, represents a great engineering challenge. The biggest world consultancy companies are present in the Middle East market related to the large investments, which also requires excellence from our engineers in the field of technical achievements, permanent education and familiarization with local customs and language.
Abstrakt: U radu će biti predstavljena metodologija i inženjerska problematika sa kojom se naši stručnjaci susreću na energetskom tržištu Bliskog Istoka. ENERGOPROJEKT - Entel,a.d., je kao deo ENERGOPROJEKT Grupe, prisutan oko 20 godina na tržištu Bliskog Istoka, gde se posebno ističu poslovne jedinice u Kataru i Ujedinjenim Arapskim Emiratima. Pružaju se usluge planiranja, inženjeringa i konsultantske usluge vezane za elektro - energetske sisteme. Ovaj rad će se posebno osvrnuti na projekte koji predstavljaju velike investicije u elektro-energetskom sektoru, kao što su - Faze VI do IX Inženjersko-konsultantske usluge, izrada projektne dokumentacije, ispitivanje i puštanje u rad podstanica i kablovske mreže na teritoriji države Katar. Projekte koji podrazumevaju posebno angažovanje naših stručnjaka, jer predstavljaju tehnologije koje nisu prisutne u našoj zemlji, kao što su projekti vezani za dobijanje pitke vode, preradom morske vode (desalinacija), projekat RAFA 1 izgradnje postrojenja za MSF desalinaciju, kapaciteta 210000 m3/dan, kao i projekat izgradnje pilot postojenja koje radi na principu reverzne osmoze (RO Plant). Projekti iz oblasti vodosnabdevanja, kao što je projekat inženjersko konsultantskih usluga u izgradnji, modifikaciji i automatizaciji sistema za dovod i distribuciju vode, građenje mega rezervoara za snabdevanje vodom i dr. Jedan od izazova je i specifična klima koja se odlikuje visokim temperaturama tokom cele godine, oskudnim padavinama i slabom vegetacijom. Blisko - istočno tržište je oduvek predstavljalo inženjerski izazov, jer se tamo, zbog velike vrednosti investicija, takmičimo sa najvećim svetskim konsultantskim kompanijama, što od naših stručnjaka traži da budu visoko tehnički obrazovani, da prate najnovija dostignuća iz datih oblast kao i da poznaju lokalnu kulturu i običaje.
Vesna Barišić - Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, R&D Department, Relanederinkatu 2, Varkaus, Finland , Edgardo Coda Zabetta - Foster Wheeler Energia Oy, R&D Department, Relanederinkatu 2, Varkaus, Finland , Bogusław Krztoń - Foster Wheeler Energia Polska, Global Sales & Marketing, Aleja Jana Pawla II 15, Warszawa, Poland
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Utilization of biomass fuels in energy production continues to grow worldwide as a response to climate change concerns induced by anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Over the last years, an increasing demand is emerging for highly efficient utility-scale power plants capable to co-fire woody biomass with large shares of agricultural residues, residues from production of bio-derived fuels for the transport sector (i.e. biodiesel, bioethanol), and/or wastes. However, properties of biomass fuels are more challenging comparing to conventional fossil fuels. The quality of biomass varies seasonally and regionally, moisture can be high, fuel handling and feeding are more demanding, and above all fouling, slagging, and superheater corrosion are common problems in biomass-fired boilers. With respect to these problems, circulating fluidized bed combustion has proven to be an ideally suited technology for large-scale power production utilizing broad range of biomass fuels.
This paper summarizes the features of Foster Wheeler’s biomass fired CFBs, with emphasis on the Advanced Biomass CFB (ABC) concept developed for utility-size CFBs targeting steam temperatures higher than 560˚C. In particular, the paper will discuss the technical difficulties to be expected in co-combustion of woody biomass with agricultural residues, and the adequate countermeasures. Finally, the paper will give an overview on reference data from commercial biomass CFB projects.
Prof. dr Radule Tošović - Katedra ekonomske geologije, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
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Apstrakt. U savremenim uslovima promenljivog poslovnog okruženja i složenih uslova funkcionisanja poslovnih sistema daljinskog grejanja posebno je značajno donošenje strategijskih odluka, kao deo savremenog strategijskog menadžmenta. Iako za najveći deo preduzeća, koje pružaju uslugu daljinskog grejanja navedena delatnost predstavlja monopolističku delatnost, intenziviranje gasifikacije, s jedne strane, i turbolentno tržišno okruženje sa savremenim zahtevima potrošača, s druge strane, zahtevaju posebne strategijske analize i odgovorne strategijske odluke. Postepeni tržišni pristup i, shodno tome, tranziciona transformacija energetskog sektora Srbije na specifičan način zahvataju i sektor daljinskog grejanja, čiji dalji razvoj kratkoročno, srednjeročno, a naročito dugročno posmatrano direktno zavise od pravih i pravilnih strategijskih odluka. Posebno značajna komponenta obuhvata parcijalno pitanje strategijskog analiziranja uticaja cena energenata na proizvodne, poslovne, ekonomske i finasijske rezultate poslovanja ovih proizvodnih sistema energetskog sektora. Savremene sisteme daljinskog grejanja u razvijenim zemljama karakteriše diverzifikacija usluga i proizvodnja po principu kogeneracije i trigeneracije, za koje su, u domaćim uslovima, neophodne prethodne strategijske analize, pravilan strategijski izbor i sprovođenje izabranih strategijskih promena. Generalno razmatranje mesta, uloge i značaja strategijskog menadžmenta u poslovnim sistemima daljinskog grejanja, uz naglašavanje potrebe permanentne strategijske vizije, strategijskog razmišljanja i strategijskog odlučivanja, u ovim složenim proizvodnim sistemima, predmet su ovog rada.
Prof. dr Radule Tošović - Katedra ekonomske geologije, Rudarsko-geološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu
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Apstrakt. Aktuelni tržišni uslovi, zahtevi potrošača i propisani ekološki standardi nalažu primenu savremenih metoda ekonomske ocene energetskih mineralnih sirovina, odnosno uglja, nafte, gasa ili urana. Konačna valorizacija energetskih mineralnih sirovina, naročito u pogonima termoelektrana direktno zavisi od njihovih ulaznih kvalitativnih karakteristika, koje, u konceptu kontrole kvaliteta, treba da budu prethodno pouzdano definisane. Preduslov za navedeno su kvalitetno izvršena geološka istraživanja ležišta uglja, nafte, gasa ili urana, pravilno izuvršeno sistematsko oprobavanje i definisanje kvalitativnih parametara sa dovoljnom gustinom po eksploatacionim blokovima, odgovarajućih kategorija bilansnih rezervi. Na osnovu prikupljenih podataka kompletnih istraživanja na kraju je neophodna adekvatna ekonomska ocena istraživanog ležišta sa analizom i prikazom odgovarajućih faktora i pokazatelja ocene. U domaćim uslovima se vrši izrada elaborata o rezervama ležišta energetskih mineralnih sirovina, kao posebnog dokumenta, koji predstavlja konačni presek poznavanja i istraženosti energetskih mineralnih sirovina u istraživanom ležištu. Završni deo navedenog elaborata predstavlja geološko-ekonomska, odnosno tehničko ekonomska ocena ležišta, koja sadrži mnoge elemente prifizibiliti i fizibiliti analiza. U ovoj ekonomskoj oceni se integralno prikazuju i ocenjuju geološki, rudarski, tehnološki, ekonomski i drugi aspekti, kao osnove za sagledavanje kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih parametara, značajnih za praktičnu primenu energetskih mineralnih sirovina.
P. Škobalj, P. Stefanović, D. Cvetinović, P. Radovanović, M. Stakić, M. Erić, Z. Marković - Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINČA, Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade
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Coal, as energy source has denoted economical and political Europe development in the nineteenth and the twentieth century. Coal has become the most significant energy source in Europe. In totaly produced energy in Europe at the begining of the twentyfirst century coal take part of 36 %. Serbia is one of the european countries in which coal is dominant energy source with a total share of 66 % in electricity production. Demand of safe coal supply with needed characteristics that meet the client requirements is governing task in process of coal planning and producing. Technology of drying of the coal with high content of moisture, that produces more calorific fuel for combustion at the thermal power plants, is promising technology that can resolve these problems. Using of dried coal as a fuel in the thermal power plants reduce amount of slag and ash, and pollutant emission (CO, CO2, SOx), increase boiler efficiency, and also reduce energy for auxilliary equipment (fans, mills, coal conveyers).
Coal with low amount of moisture used as a fuel on the pulverized coal fired thermal power plants of PE "EPS" represents technology for future. This paper presents techno–economical and environmental aspects of using dried coal as a fuel at the thermal power plants of PE "Electric Power Industry of Serbia".
TEHNO-EKONOMSKI I EKOLOŠKI ASPEKTI KORIŠĆENJA OSUŠENOG UGLJA KAO GORIVA NA TERMOELEKTRANAMA JP „ELEKTROPRIVREDA SRBIJE”
Ugalj, kao energetski izvor је obeležio ekonomski i politički razvoj Evrope u 19. i 20. veku. Na početku 21. veka energija iz uglja čini 36% ukupno proizvedene energije u Evropi i pojedinačno је najznačajniji energetski izvor. Očigledno је dа Srbija spada među evropske države kod kojih ugalj predstavlja prevladavajući energetski izvor sa učešćem od oko 66%. Kontinuirano snabdevanje elektrana rovnim ugljem, čiji kvalitativni parametri odgovaraju zahtevima komitenta i istovremeno obezbeđuju efikasnu primenu, predstavlja osnovni zadatak u procesu planiranja i proizvodnje uglja. Jedna od tehnologija koje mogu doprineti rešavanju ovih problema je i sušenje uglja sa velikim sadržajem vlage.
Sušenjem uglja se postiže veća toplotna moć uglja, dok se upotrebom osušenog uglja kao goriva smanjuje količina odloženog šljake i pepela, smanjuje se emisija zagađivača (CO, CO2, SOx i drugih gasova), povećava se stepen korisnosti kotla i smanjuje se energija potrebna za pogon pomoćnih uređaja (ventilatori, mlinovi za ugalj, uređaji za transport uglja), a takođe smanjuje broj zastoja i vreme potrebno za tehničko održavanje.
Sve napred navedene prednosti korišćenja osušenog uglja kao goriva na termoelektranama JP „Elektroprivreda Srbije“ svrstavaju ovu tehnologiju u red onih na koje se mora ozbiljno računati u budućnosti. U radu su prikazani tehno-ekonomski i ekološki aspekti korišćenja osušenog uglja kao goriva i jasno verifikovane dobiti na strani termoelektrana pri njegovoj upotrebi.
Vukman Bakić - Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Laboratory for Thermal and Energy Research, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia , Valentina Turanjanin - Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Laboratory for Thermal and Energy Research, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia , Marina Jovanović - Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Laboratory for Thermal and Energy Research, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia , Milada Pezo - Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Laboratory for Thermal and Energy Research, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia , Branislav Stanković - Institute of Nuclear Science “Vinca”, Laboratory for Thermal and Energy Research, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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The main aim of this paper is to consider the possibility and feasibility substitution of fossil fuels, particularly natural gas, by solar energy in the preparation of sanitary hot water using dynamic simulation of power systems at different working regimes. Domestic hot water used in summer comes from heating plant "Cerak" in Belgrade. Heating plant for the production of domestic hot water using fossil fuels, mostly gas.
Dragan V. Kalaba, Gordana Milentijević - Faculty of technical sciences Kosovska Mitrovica, Knjaza Miloša 7, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
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From the total lignite reserves in Serbia, over 76% are situated in Kosovo and Metohija in three coal basins, Kosovo, Metohija and Drenica. The exploitation of these reserves is nowadays conducted in two surface pits, in Kosovo coal basin. The produced coal is mostly used for supply of thermo electric power plant Kosovo A and B, with total installed power of 1519 MW. In projects for the development of energetic, a construction of new thermoelectric power plants is planned, Kosovo C 2100 MW (7x 300 MW), the extension of thermoelectric power plants Kosovo B for 2x 339 MW, and also the rehabilitation of some of the units of the existing power plant Kosovo A.
In the Kosovo basin, for the purpose of already built and projected thermoelectric power plants, there are used, or planned to be used the limited water resources of the river Lab and Ibar. This strategy had an impact to the total degradation of eco-systems of river Lab (especially in summer), while eco-system of Ibar river lives at the very limits of its ecological minimum.
On the other side, Metohija coal basin, and its water resources are not exploited for energetic needs, although the largest river in Kosovo and Metohija, Beli drim is situated there.
From all these statements mentioned above, there is a need to consider the limitations in the development of energetic in Kosovo and Metohija, from this point of view.
Leon Cizelj - Jožef Stefan Institute, Reactor Engineering Division, and University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Research and education are fundamental in the successful development and implementation of contemporary complex technologies, including peaceful utilization of nuclear energy. The national responsibility to organize and sustain appropriate research and education is clearly set forward in the IAEA Nuclear safety convention and in the EURATOM treaty. Recent regionalization and globalization of power markets provided new opportunities and challenges, which might be more pronounced in countries with rather limited resources.
The research and education activities in nuclear engineering and safety pursued at the Jožef Stefan Institute and the University of Ljubljana will be reviewed. Examples of integration within the European Union and OECD will include access to large experimental programs and exchange of students and teachers within the ENEN Association (European Nuclear Education Network). Finally, examples of technical support to the regulatory body and utility will be given.