List of submitted papers and abstracts that have been accepted for the presentation at the Conference Power Plants 2010 | Konferencija Elektrane 2010
Goce Vasilevski - Rudarski Institut Skopje BJR Macedonia , Đorđe Kačurkov - Rudarski Institut Skopje BJR Macedonia , Dimitar Hadžimišev - Rudarski Institut Skopje BJR Macedonia
Abstract text
Production and usage of thermal and electrical energy, in conjuction with growing prices of basic energents leads to numerous economical problems even to the large energy consumers. Some problems as consumption of predefined energy (electrical energy or thermal energy as hot water or steam) in time and space domain can be solved through the usage of cogeneration units which can be used in Republic of Macedonia as it is shown.
In this period two cogeneration plants are prepared to start-up, wich are private investment and are located in Skopje. Technical and investment analysis for both plants are presented.
Nenad Miloradovic - JKP "Beogradske elektrane" , Olga S. Milosavljević - Istraživačko-razvojni institut „Kirilo Savić“ Vojvode Stepe 51, 11.000 Beograd, Srbija
Abstract text
In the frame of cooperation of Electro-technical Faculty in Belgrade, Energy Administration of City Belgrade, Ministry of mining and energetic Republic of Serbia and Public Utility Company Beogradske elektrane, at location of Heating Plant “Cerak” was anticipated setting up of mobile windsolar
hybrid system, which will be settled at HP “Cerak” for one year. Components of mobile hybrid wind-solar system are windmill 8 meters tall, 2 m2 of solar photovoltaic panels, fuel battery, inverter and logger for measured data. Because of grass soil and rare ground, foundation was made of concrete, so the mobile system become are stabile stationary system. In the paper was presented details of setting up of the system with photos.
Postavljanje prenosivog vetar-solarnog hibridnog sistema na lokaciji TO “Cerak”
Na lokaciji toplane “Cerak” u Beogradu predviđeno je postavljanje hibridnog vetar-solarnog prenosivog sistema, koji bi bio smešten na pomenutoj lokaciji godinu dana. Hibridni vetar-solarni sistem se sastoji od vetrenjače sa stubom visine 8 metara, 2 m2 solarnih fotonaponskih panela na poklopcu prikolice i prikolice sa akumulatorskim baterijama, invertorom i logerom za očitavanje izmerenih podataka. Nasut teren lokacije “Cerak” uslovljava primenu betonskog temelja sa ankerima.
dr Dragan Tucaković - Mašinski fakultet, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Beograd 35, Srbija , dr Titoslav Živanović - Mašinski fakultet, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Beograd 35, Srbija , dr Vladan Ivanović - Mašinski fakultet, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Crna Gora , dipl. ing. Miloš Milić - PD TE Nikola Tesla, Bogoljuba Uroševića – Crnog 44, 11500 Obrenovac 25, Srbija , dipl.ing. Mile Jovanović - PD TE Nikola Tesla, Bogoljuba Uroševića – Crnog 44, 11500 Obrenovac 25, Srbija
Abstract text
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS ACHIEVED BY INSTALLING THE LOUVERS INTO COAL DUST PREPARING FACILITIES FOR STEAM BOILERS IN TP NIKOLA TESLA B
ABSTRACT: During the operation of steam boilers in TP Nikola Tesla B, before installation of louvers in the air ducts, it was common for flame in furnace to rise. As a consequence there were: a rise in the temperature of flue gases on the furnace outlet, superheater overload, increased water injection for regulation of outlet temperatures for superheated and reheated steam and a loss due to incomplete mechanical combustion. With consideration to the conditions under which boiler operated, it was decided to place louvers in the air ducts on the beater wheel mill outlet, for the purpose of improving the regulation of coal dust in stage burners. Lower and middle stages get 45% of coal dust each, and the upper one gets 10%. In order to show what effect the installment of louvers would have, we made a series of thermal calculations before and after the actual installment. In this paper we have shown the analysis of individual measurements which made the greatest effect towards the improvement of steam boiler operation.
ANALIZE POSTIGNUTIH REZULTATA UGRADNJOM ŽALUZINA NA POSTROJENJIMA ZA PRIPREMU UGLJENOG PRAHA PARNIH KOTLOVA BLOKOVA 1 I 2 U TE NIKOLA TESLA B
ABSTRAKT: Pri radu parnih kotlova u TE Nikola Tesla B, pre ugradnje žaluzina u kanale aerosmeše, dolazilo je do pojave podizanja plamena u ložištu što je za posledicu imalo povišenje temperature dimnih gasova na izlazu iz ložišta, preopterećenje pregrejača sveže pare, povećano ubrizgavanje vode u cillju regulisanja izlaznih temperatura sveže i naknadno pregrejane pare, kao i povećan gubitak usled mahaničke nepotpunosti sagorevanja. S obzirom na uslove pod kojima je radio kotao, odlučeno je da se u kanale za aerosmešu na izlazu iz ventilatorskog mlina postave žaluzine u cilju poboljšanja raspodele ugljenog praha po etažama gorionika i to tako da u donje dve etaže dospeva po 45 % ugljenog praha, a u gornju 10 %. Da bi se prikazao efekat ugrađivanja žaluzina izvršen je niz termičkih proračuna parnog kotla sa današnjim kvalitetom goriva i parametrima rada kotla, kako pre, tako i nakon ugradnje žaluzina. U radu je prikazana analiza pojedinih veličina koje su najviše uticale na poboljšanje rada kotla.
Ključne reči: parni kotao, ventilatorski mlin, kanali aerosmeše, žaluzine.
Vujo I. Miljevic - Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Atomic Physics Laboratory P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Abstract text
SIMULTANEOS REMOVAL OF SULPHUR DIOKSIDE (SO2) AND NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx) FROM FLUE GASES BY A SPECIAL TYPE OF CORONA BRUSH DISCHARGE WITH THE THREE PHASE TESLA COIL
ABSTRACT
A new method for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from flue gases, a plasma chemistry method called ELFI, has been developed in the Atomic physics laboratory of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences on the basis of fundamental research of the special type high frequency corona discharge. The by-product of this method is artificial fertilizer, and the problem of the permanent storage of undesired product does not exist. The ELFI module can be added to an existing plant as a by-pass, so it does not obstruct its function.
The results of fundamental research on which ELFI is based are presented on international scientific meetings. Laboratory studies completely fulfilled foreseen expectations for filtering and gave numerous data necessary to project pilot plant. The patents for EFFI technology were granted in: United States of America, European Patent Union -Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and Luxemburg, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Holland, Germany and Sweden, Japan and Republic of Serbia.
A plasma chemistry method for removal of carbon dioxide – CO2 in the Atomic Physics Laboratory of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences is in progress.
SIMULTANO ČIŠĆENJE SUMPOR DIOKSIDA (SO2) I AZOTNIH OKSIDA (NOx) IZ DIMNIH GASOVA POMOĆU SPECIJALNOG TIPA KORONA PRAŽNJENJA SA TESLINIM TRANSFORMATOROM SA TROFAZNIM NAPAJANJEM
APSTRAKT
Nova metoda za simultano odstranjivanje SO2 i NOx iz dimnih gasova, plazma hemijska metoda pod nazivom ELFI, razvijena je u Laboratoriji za atomsku fiziku Instituta za nuklearne nauke "VINČA" na osnovu fundamentalnih istraživanja specijalnog tipa visokofrekventnog korona pražnjenja. Sporedni proizvod ove metode je mineralno đubrivo, i problem deponovanja neželjenih produkata ne postoji. ELFI modul može da se doda na postojeće postrojenje, tako da ne ometa njegovu funkciju.
Rezultat fundamentalnih istraživanja ELFI tehnologije predstavljen je na brojnim međunarodnim naučnim Konferencijama. Laboratorijska istraživanja u potpunosti su ispunila predviđena očekivanja i dala veliki broj podataka neophodan za izradu pilot postrojenja. Patenti za ELFI tehnologiju dobijeni su u: Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, Evropskoj patentnoj uniji – Austriji, Belgiji, Švajcarskoj i Luksemburgu, Francuskoj, Velikoj Britaniji, Irskoj, Italiji, Holandiji, Nemačkoj, Švedskoj, Japanu i Republici Srbiji.
Plazma hemijska metoda za odstranjivanje CO2 u Laboratoriji za atomsku fiziku Instituta za nuklearne nauke "VINČA" je u toku.
N. Đ. Crnomarković*, M. A. Sijerčić*, S. V. Belošević*, B. D. Stanković*, D. R. Tucaković**, T. V. Živanović** - *Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Univerzitet u Beogradu Laboratorija za termotehniku i energetiku P. Fah 522, 11001 Beograd, Srbija, **Mašinski Fakultet, Katedra za termotehniku, Kraljice Marije 16, 11120 Beograd, Srbija
Abstract text
Radiation is dominant mode of heat exchange between hot combustion products and furnace walls in the processes of pulverized coal combustion. Up to 95% of the exchanged heat in furnace is due to radiation. That is why the accurate evaluation of radiant heat exchange is important for numerical simulations, by which the behavior of the steam boiler is predicted in various operating situations.
Radiation models, which are used in numerical simulations of pulverized coal furnaces, can be divided in two basic groups: flux models and zonal models. Determination of radiant heat exchange by flux models is based on evaluation of spatial and angular distribution of radiation intensity, or spatial distribution of radiant fluxes. Incident or absorbed fluxes at the furnace walls are determined on the base of known radiant intensities or fluxes inside the furnace. Zonal models are based on division of furnace volume and furnace walls to volume and surface zones. For each pair of zones, firstly direct exchange areas are determined, as auxiliary parameters by which total exchange areas are determined. Total exchange areas are used to find the radiative heat exchange, when multiple reflection on the furnace walls exists.
Influence of the radiation models on the results of numerical simulations of pulverized coal furnaces has been analyzed in the paper. Furnace of the 210 MWe steam boiler has been modelled. Results of numerical simulation which contains Hottel zonal model, which is typical of zonal models of radiation, are compared to results of numerical simulation which contains six flux model, which is typical of flux models of radiation.
Radiative source term of the gas phase enthalpy equation, which represents net radiative heat exchange of volume zones (control volumes), is determined by models of radiation. In both analyzed radiation models, net radiative heat exchange of the volume zones is determined as a difference between absorbed radiative energy and energy loss due to emission of energy. Models are distinguished by the method of absorbed energy determination. In the Hottel zonal model, absorbed energy of the volume zones is determined by means of total exchange areas and temperature of each zone. In the six flux model, absorbed energy of the volume zones are obtained on the base of the total radiation fluxes, which are calculated by solving the partial differential equations of the second order.
Optimization of the radiative heat exchange determination by the Hottel zonal model has been done in the paper. After evaluation of the direct exchange areas, total exchange areas are determined by the method of the original emitters of the radiation. Values of the total exchange areas are corrected by the method of gradual approach, so that they satisfy the conservation principle. Influence of the radiation models is investigated by comparison of the temperature fields and net radiative exchange fields. It is shown that six flux model produces greater values of net radiative heat exchange and greater values of temperature inside the furnace.
Greg Toomey, Senior Consultant - Energy and Vladimir Koković, Service engineer - SKF Condition Monitoring Center (San Diego) and SKF Commerce d.o.o. (Belgrade)
Abstract text
Many companies have performed Maintenance Strategy Reviews (MSR) using various methods, including Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM). Some have been successful, but many have not. Examining the reasons for these "failures" covers many areas, including work culture, organization limitations and technology deficiencies. This paper discusses the importance of going beyond a maintenance strategy study to achieve sustained success. It also discusses the need to formalize a continuous improvement process to ensure the appropriate maintenance is performed throughout the asset and facility life cycle.
In general, MSR projects generate task recommendations or changes to time-based activities (managed by Enterprise Asset Management (EAM)/Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS)), predictive and condition monitoring activities and operator inspection and data collection routines. Other activities are also discussed, such as potential design changes, material condition issues, etc. Once these MSR changes are identified, the effort to make updates in the various programs and processes is needed and should be an integral part of any project. Additionally, examining "infrastructure" and organizational needs for implementing the intent of the changes and to support continuous improvement processes needs to be reviewed and potentially changed.
Several case studies from application at power plants will be presented that illustrate the successes and failures of an MSR project. These studies will show how the project influenced the "infrastructure" used for the implementation, and other requirements for managing preventive and corrective work orders.
Ene BARBU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Gheorghe FETEA - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Silviu IONESCU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Adina IONESCU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Mihaiella CRETU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Luminita HOSSU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Constantin VILCU - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA , Cleopatra CUCIUMITA - INCDT COMOTI, Iuliu Maniu 220D, Bucharest, 061126, ROMANIA
Abstract text
The afterburning installation allows the increase in the cogenerative group’s flexibility according to the requirements of the technologic process and increases the steam quantity delivered by the heat recovery steam generator. The requirements concerning the development of high performance equipments with low environment impact and high flexibility have increased lately. Therefore a complex analysis is needed for obtaining the necessary data for designing the afterburning installation. The CFD numerical analysis of the burner in the afterburning installation of 2xST 18 - Suplacu de Barcau power plant showed that the air distribution in the burner can be improved. Researches were carried out on 2xST 18 cogeneration power plant after mounting the concentrator, regarding the processes in the afterburning facility at different regimes, in terms of emissions, noise, outer surface temperature profile and energy quality. The measurements in industrial conditions were performed in several stages on the two groups of the plant, before applying the global optimization solutions, in order to avoid the technological process disruptions. The noise map was realized based on the measurements made with two measurement chains using B&K 2250, respectively 01dBMetravib SOLO sound level meters. Air quality measurements were performed with the COMOTI air quality mobile laboratory. For measuring the emissions a Horiba PG 250 analyzer was used with the sampler probe installed at the heat recovery steam generator stack in 2xST 18 – Suplacu de Barcau power plant. The exterior surface temperature profile was measured using a Fluke infrared camera, type Ti45FT. For a detailed research of the processes and for removing disturbing factors in the plant, there were necessary some validations on the test bench for the data obtained from 2xST 18 - Suplacu de Barcau cogenerative power plant and the numerical results in CFD environment. For this purpose two type gas fuelled burners were built, the INCDT APC 1MGN-UPB burner and the INCDT APC 1-3MGN burner. The INCDT APC 1MGN-UPB burner allows testing only one ST 18 burning module (or splay) but it can be adapted to other burning modules geometries framed in the ST 18 range. Experimentations of the INCDT APC 1MGN-UPB burner with the ST 18 burner module (or splay) were made on the University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB) test bench, at the Classic and Nuclear Thermo-mechanic Equipment Chair. Experiments regarding the emissions, noise and surface temperature profile obtained by infrared analysis were performed at different fuel gas flows. The paper presents experiments performed on the UPB stand for INCD APC 1MGN-UPB burner combustion module ST 18 (or splay) starting to the data obtained in 2xST 18 cogenerative power plant.
Saša Milić - Elektrotehnički institut Nikola Tesla, Beograd, Srbija , Milesa Srećković - Elektrotehnički fakultet, Beograd, Srbija , Nebojša Karanović - HE Đerdap, Srbija , Zoran Kršenković - HE Đerdap, Srbija , Jasna Marković Petrović - HE Đerdap, Srbija
Abstract text
On-line remote monitoring of generators and transformers in this work is a necessity, both in terms of monitoring the production cycle and in terms of maintenance. The use of computer and communications equipment significantly improves the maintenance of uninterruptible power systems and controls the manufacturing process in order to increase the reliability of electric power generation. The paper presents two concepts of on-line remote monitoring measuring systems: a concept system for measuring the temperature of hydro rotor poles in the work and a concept system for complete remote monitoring of a multi-parameter power transformer. The focus of this paper is to show the practical implementation and development of measurement methodology using computer and communication systems and newly developed measurement algorithms. In addition to displaying the hardware concepts of two measuring systems, there is a software for the visualization of the measurement processes. The paper gives an overview of a complex integrated monitoring systems, which itself includes the following sub-systems for measuring: the temperature of hydro rotor poles, the temperature of hydro stationary sensors, analyzing the gas and the moisture of power transformer oils, partial discharge in generators, temperature monitoring of power transformers with an optional cooling function for managing groups. The above mentioned systems are interfaced witg SCADA systems in power plants. With each of these supervisory systems, results obtained through real exploitation will be presented.
Sadržaj – Daljinski nadzor generatora i transformatora u radu predstavlja neophodnost, kako u smislu praćenja proizvodnog ciklusa, tako i u smislu održavanja. Upotreba računarske i komunikacione opreme značajno unapređuje održavanje energetskih sistema i besprekidni nadzor proizvodnog procesa, a sve u cilju povećanja pouzdanosti proizvodnje električne energije. U radu su prikazane dve koncepcije daljinskih nadzornih mernih sistema: koncepcija sistema za merenje temperature polova rotora hidrogeneratora u radu i koncepcija sistema za kompletan daljinski višeparametarski nadzor energetskog transformatora. Težište rada je na prikazu praktične realizacije i razvijene merne metodologije upotrebom računarskih i komunikacionih sistema i novorazvijenih mernih algoritama. Pored prikaza hardverske koncepcije dva merna sistema, dat je i prikaz računarskih programa za vizualizaciju mernih procesa. Rad daje prikaz integrisanih složenih nadzornih sistema koji u sebi podrazumevaju sledeće merne podsisteme za: merenje temperature polova rotora, merenje temperature sa stacionarnih davača hidrogeneratora, analizu gasova i vlage u energetskim transformatorima, parcijalna pražnjenja na generatorima, termoslike energetskih transformatora sa dodatnom funkcijom za upravljanje rashladnim grupama. Pomenuti sistemi su povezani na SCADA sisteme u elektranama. Uz svaki, od pomenutih nadzornih sistema, će biti dati i rezultati dobijeni iz realne eksploatacije.
Ključne reči: Daljinski nadzor, temperatura, polovi rotora, gasna anliza, parcijalna pražnjenja, termoslika, SCADA, virtualni instrumenti.
Slobodan Ogrizović dipl.el.ing - JKP „Beogradske elektrane“, Savski Nasip 11, 11070 Novi Beograd , Vladimir Radulović, dipl.maš.ing - JKP „Beogradske elektrane“, Savski Nasip 11, 11070 Novi Beograd
Abstract text
The topic of this paper is relationship between Energy efficiency and Primary Energy Factor (PEF). According to experience of European energy systems, especially District Heating and Cooling (DHC) systems in Western Europe, the topic presents comparative preview for different ways of primary energy use, and, according to PEF, accurate reccomandation of achieving high energy efficiency is given. This paper analyzes different strategic planning segments in energy and DHC sector, and gives actual "position" of term of energy efficiency in whole energy chain in Serbia / from primary to final energy. By using PEF as methodology basement, this paper highlights optimal Belgrade`s DH projects and concepts that could improve energy efficiency, both in DH and in connected parts of power system.
Apstrakt:
Rad obrađuje pojmove energetske efikasnosti i primarnog energetskog faktora, kao i njihov uzajamni odnos i uslovljenost. Na osnovu iskustava energetskih sistema, a posebno sistema daljinskog grejanja i hlađenja Zapadne Evrope, u radu se daju uporedni pregledi različitih vidova korišćenja primarne energije i, na osnovu primarnog energetskog faktora, daju precizne preporuke o tome kako se postiže najviša energetska efikasnost. U vezi sa tim, u radu se analiziraju i segmenti strateškog planiranja u oblasti energetike i daljinskog grejanja, kao i na trenutnu "poziciju" pojma energetske efikasnosti kod nas, u energetskom lancu - od primarne energije, do finalne energije kod korisnika. Koristeći primarni energetski faktor kao metodologiju, rad ukazuje i na optimalne projekte i koncepte za sistem daljinskog grejanja Beograda koji bi, u skladu sa direktivama EU, doveli do povećanja energetske efikasnosti - kako u daljinskom grejanju, tako i u povezanim delovima elektroenergetskog sistema.
Vitomir Kravarušić - TE TO Novi Sad, Serbia
Abstract text
Summary
Growing needs of electricity and heat at very intensive use of fossil fuels and fuel prices growth, particulary of natural gas, at market conditions establish increasing requirements to the business operations of the electric power companies in respect of energy efficiency, reliability and flexibility of CHP plants, fuel saving, enviromental protection and as near prices as possible of CHP electricity and heat. This paper is dealing with thechiques of energy efficiency increasing at CHP and tariffication methods of combined electricity and heat production of planned construction of new unit CHP Novi Sad which would produce electricity for EPS and operate in co-generation connected with deastrict heating system of Novi Sad and produce only electricity in condensing regime at summer. Very complex methodology of cost distribution of fuel consumed for generation of electricity and heat at co-generation stations within recent period is significant changed and improved, particularly at country with economy in tranzition. Integration of energy and enviromental requirements highlights increasingly the benefits of local production of electricity and heat throughout of: construction of combined electricity and heat plants, renewable energy sources and distributed production, that results in a considerable decreasing of investment at the centralized plants and transmission systems.
ENERGETSKA EFIKASNOST TE-TO NOVI SAD I TARIFIKACIJA KOMBINOVANE PROIZVODNJE ELEKTRIČNE I TOPLOTNE ENERGIJE
Abstract
Sve veće potrebe za električnom i toplotnom energijom i veoma intenzivna eksploatacija fosilnih goriva, uz porast cena energenata, a naročito prirodnog gasa, postavljaju u tržišnim uslovima sve veće zahteve poslovanja elektroprivrednim kompanijama u pogledu energetske efikasnosti, fleksibilnosti i pouzdanosti rada gasno-parnih postrojenja, štednje goriva, zaštite životne sredine i što nižih proizvodnih cena električne i toplotne energije iz kombinovane proizvodnje. U ovom radu se izlažu tehnike povećanja energetske efikasnosti gasno-parnog bloka i metode tarifikacije kombinovane proizvodnje električne i toplotne energije planirane izgradnje novog gasno-parnog bloka TE TO Novi Sad koji će proizvoditi struju za potrebe EPS-a, a u kogeneraciji tokom grejne sezone će isporučivati baznu toplotnu energiju za potrebe toplifikacioniog sistema Novog Sada, a u kondenzacionom režimu u letnjem periodu će proizvoditi samo struju. Veoma složena metodologija raspodele potrošnje goriva i određivanja cena za kombinovanu proizvodnju električne i toplotne energije u prethodnom periodu se značajno promenila i unapredila, naročito u zemljama sa privredama u tranziciji. Integracija energetskih i ekoloških zahteva, sve više ističe značaj: lokalne proizvodnje električne i toplotne energije kroz izgradnju postrojenja sa kombinovanom proizvodnjom električne i toplotne energije, postojenja sa obnovljivim izvorima energije i distributivnih energetskih postrojenja, što dovodi do znatnog smanjenja investicija u centralne izvore i prenosne sisteme.
Ključne reči: gasno-parna postrojenja, kombinovana proizvodnja električne i toplotne energije, energetska efikasnost, pouzdanost i fleksibilnost, tarifikacija (određivanje cena) kombinovane proizvodnje električne i toplotne energije, obnovljivi izvori energije i distribuirana energetska postrojenja.